Dr. Andrew Wakefield Exclusive on American Investigator: Autism Numbers Likely far Higher than One in 88
By Richard Moore
Speaking in an exclusive interview with Richard Moore on the American Investigator and for The Lakeland Times, internationally renowned and controversial autism researcher Dr. Andrew Wakefield says recently announced numbers on the prevalence of autism – which showed a two-year spike from one in 110 children diagnosed with ASD to one in 88 – are likely understated and by a dramatic order.
Hear the entire interview on the American Investigator podcast at www.rmmoore1.com at 8:30 a.m., Tuesday, April 17, 2012. The entire podcast will be devoted to the issue of autism. In addition, the interview will appear in Friday’s edition of The Lakeland Times (www.lakelandtimes.com).
“The CDC data (that children born in 2000 have a one in 88 risk of autism) is actually out of date,” Wakefield said. “If you extrapolate that risk of developing autism to a child born today, you may be looking at something as high as 1 in 25 or 1 in 29. That's an absolutely staggering level.”
Wakefield was referring to the fact that the new CDC numbers were based on 2008 data of eight year olds diagnosed with autism. Thus the numbers reflect the risk of autism for children born in 2000; because the numbers have continuously escalated, children born in 2012 are likely at much higher risk.
In the interview, Wakefield reiterated his belief that the autism epidemic is environmental, and vaccines are a prime culprit.
"You do not have a genetic epidemic,” he said. “The cause is environmental. Yes, the cause is complex, too, but the way you unravel a complex mystery is to listen to the parents' narrative. What actually happened to the child? This is where medicine begins. This is where the clues come from. And when we were working on this back in (England in) 1995, the parents told the story that their normally developing children regressed after a vaccine.”
Wakefield also offered concerned parents some important advice.
"Challenge your doctors,” Wakefield said. “Don't just say it’s OK because my doctor says so. Say, 'OK, could you tell me the science upon which you base your opinion that the current vaccine schedule is entirely safe?’”
Finally, Wakefield discusses the loss of his medical license in England because of his groundbreaking 1998 paper that found bowel disease in children with autism and raised concerns about the safety of the MMR vaccine. His co-author has now been exonerated and his medical license returned; Wakefield left Britain for the U.S. but is now suing the pharmaceutical-connected British Medical Journal for libel.
After the interview, Richard debunks current studies by the “scientific establishment” – all of them funded by pharmaceutical companies – and points to new studies confirming an environmental link. He will offer those concerned about the epidemic a wide variety of web resources to consult. Those links will be posted on the website.
The lie that just won't die. This is from The Lakeland Times:
"....The most prominent example this contortion of facts, of course, was the implication of measles-mumps-rubella containing vaccines as a cause of autism, after publications by then Dr. (now just Mr.) Andrew Wakefield back in 1998. Subsequently, in an almost unprecedented measure, the original article was retracted by 10 of the 13 authors in March 2004 when it became apparent that the findings could not be supported, and that Mr. Wakefield's clear conflicts of interest had affected the findings...."
There's much more of this sort of thing you can read here:
http://www.lakelandtimes.com/main.asp?SectionID=11&SubSectionID=11&ArticleID=15198
Posted by: Carol | May 04, 2012 at 02:30 PM
Thank you Tim Kasemodel for sharing the information below! It makes perfect sense that the removal of mercury IS leading to less autism in the birth cohorts following 2003. My son was injured with 2 mercury-containing vaccines in December of that year--one of the last Dtap batches with thim. as well as a flu shot--and after I had asked about Hg in the vaccines and they said there was none!
The rates aren't disappearing in part because of the continued use of thimerosal flu shots and the way it is pushed on pregnant women and some infants as young as 6 mos.
But overall you would expect the decrease that the Minn numbers are showing--just in time for the DSM change--
Posted by: healthforchildren | May 01, 2012 at 06:53 PM
to Mary -thank you for the info. Where were you able to read the package inserton the vit K shot?
to oneVoice- Have you been able to find more info about the vit K shot?
Posted by: CT teacher | April 30, 2012 at 11:59 AM
Vaccines implant sub-microscopic, nanoparticle parasites, (termed “viruses”), that settle, thrive & replicate in the presence of iron deposits and copper deficiency. These parasites stimulate synthesis of abnormal toxic proteins; the consequences being inflammation, secondary bacterial infections, lesions, degeneration, fibrosis, tumors and cancer.
Copper must be replenished to restore health and longevity – to repair the DNA damage.
I encourage you to go read this web site, as it explains about vaccines, radiation, and iron poisoning & copper deficiency. (If the site does not come up, please contact me and I will send you the web page.)
http://www.themessageofhiskingdom.com/PoisoningOfMankindCopperDeficiency.htm
CAB
Researcher
Posted by: C.A. Bouthillier | April 28, 2012 at 08:49 AM
How can "they" KNOW that autism isn't a direct result of early seizures or seizure like activity? Much like this..I'm not sure that any time in history did children have seizures or high fevers from ANY illness in the way they have as response to vaccines.
http://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422%2810%2970288-X/fulltext#bib2
Children with Dravet syndrome are developmentally normal until onset of seizures, and progressively fall behind their peers as seizures progress. Other channelopathies have also shown age-dependent vulnerability. Moreover, seizures in the neonatal and infant brain might be more harmful developmentally than are seizures at an older age.3 Variability in syndrome severity has been described even in identical twins with identical mutations.4
The data do not answer the question of whether Dravet syndrome might be avoided or ameliorated by postponement of vaccination in patients with known mutations who have not had seizures
Posted by: barbaraj | April 21, 2012 at 08:17 AM
The package insert on Vitamin K reads like a significant vaccine.
Here is what a portion of the package insert for Vitamin K reads:
WARNING: This product contains aluminum that may be toxic. Aluminum may reach toxic levels with prolonged parenteral administration if kidney function is impaired. Premature neonates are particularly at risk because their kidneys are immature, and they required large amounts of calcium and phosphate solutions, which contain aluminum.
Research indicates that patients with impaired kidney function, including premature neonates, who receive parenteral levels of aluminum at greater than 4 to 5 mcg/kg/day accumulate aluminum at levels associated with central nervous system and bone toxicity. Tissue loading may occur at even lower rates of administration.
Precautions
Drug Interactions
Temporary resistance to prothrombin-depressing anticoagulants may result, especially when larger doses of phytonadione are used. If relatively large doses have been employed, it may be necessary when reinstituting anticoagulant therapy to use somewhat larger doses of the prothrombin- depressing anticoagulant, or to use one which acts on a different principle, such as heparin sodium.
Laboratory Tests
Prothrombin time should be checked regularly as clinical conditions indicate.
Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility
Studies of carcinogenicity, mutagenesis or impairment of fertility have not been conducted with Vitamin K1 Injection (Phytonadione Injectable Emulsion, USP).
Pregnancy
Pregnancy Category C: Animal reproduction studies have not been conducted with Vitamin K1 Injection. It is also not known whether Vitamin K1 Injection can cause fetal harm when administered to a pregnant woman or can affect reproduction capacity. Vitamin K1 Injection should be given to a pregnant woman only if clearly needed.
Nursing Mothers
It is not known whether this drug is excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk, caution should be exercised when Vitamin K1 Injection is administered to a nursing woman.
Pediatric Use
Hemolysis, jaundice, and hyperbilirubinemia in neonates, particularly those that are premature, may be related to the dose of Vitamin K1 Injection. Therefore, the recommended dose should not be exceeded (see ADVERSE REACTIONS and DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION).
Adverse Reactions
Deaths have occurred after intravenous and intramuscular administration. (See Box Warning.)
Transient “flushing sensations” and “peculiar” sensations of taste have been observed, as well as rare instances of dizziness, rapid and weak pulse, profuse sweating, brief hypotension, dyspnea, and cyanosis.
Pain, swelling, and tenderness at the injection site may occur.
The possibility of allergic sensitivity including an anaphylactoid reaction, should be kept in mind.
Infrequently, usually after repeated injection, erythematous, indurated, pruritic plaques have occurred; rarely, these have progressed to scleroderma-like lesions that have persisted for long periods. In other cases, these lesions have resembled erythema perstans.
Hyperbilirubinemia has been observed in the newborn following administration of phytonadione. This has occurred rarely and primarily with doses above those recommended. (See PRECAUTIONS, Pediatric Use.)
Posted by: Mary | April 19, 2012 at 07:40 PM
@Antoinette F.
People won't care until it's their child. I've found this to be true over and over. But once in a while, you will find the exception to this rule. And when you do, you will feel like everything you've learned up til then was worth it, if only for that one child who was saved because of your experience. I feel that way every time I see my cousin's son, who is now 18 months old, vaccine free and developing normally. He was a high risk (for autism) baby: mom has multiple autoimmune disorders and there are several kids in my son's generation of my family that have autism (vaccine injury).
Posted by: BJ | April 19, 2012 at 09:23 AM
to oneVoice
Thank you for the info. Any other info would be greatly appreciated.
Posted by: CT teacher | April 19, 2012 at 07:26 AM
CT teacher,
please check out the Vitamin K2 drops with vitamin D.This is a natural product that is also called MenaQ7.It is non-
GMO,based on Grapeseed oil,produced in Canada by Innovite.
The drops available through National Nutrition.ca
Lot of the Europe-ian countries use Vitamin K drops only,
with very good results. The North American Vitamin K is
synthetic and they use polyethylene glycol as a preservative
(PEGs).I am presently researching this and will update you when I have more info.Your daughter can also increase green
leafy veggies in her diet:kale,spinach,brocolli also fruits: avocado and kiwi.Include cold pressed or oganic oils in her diet like:olive,canola and non-GMO soy.I hope this helps.
Posted by: oneVoice | April 18, 2012 at 03:54 PM
A quick note to those of you who want to extrapolate the increase from 2002 to 2008 into kids born today, and what it might be, I want to share some info.
I may have to write an update to my first article from 2009 - "Thimerosal and Autism Rates: A Minnesota Perspective"
http://www.ageofautism.com/2009/07/thimerosal-and-autism-rates-a-minnesota-perspective.html
It detailed Minnesota IDEA Data through that year. At that time I stated " It is only reasonable to say right now that we will not know the rate of autism for children born during the period of “reduced” mercury use (but increased vaccine use) after 2003 until those age groups reach ages seven and beyond. This means waiting for the data to be published for the 2010-2011 school years in 2012."
Well, now it is 2012 and our data shows exactly what I thought it would.
Thimerosal and Autism Rates: A Minnesota Perspective
http://www.ageofautism.com/2009/07/thimerosal-and-autism-rates-a-minnesota-perspective.html?cid=6a00d8357f3f2969e2011570e0d4e1970c
My wife has been keeping track of and graphing the rate of kids in Minnesota - to be specific the number of kids who "qualify for educational services under an ASD category" going back to 1970.
First to note is 2001 is the first year that mercury free/reduced infant vaccines became available. January 2003 is when most of the full dose mercury vaccines expired, and were possibly still used past that date.
The numbers of kids who "qualified for ASD services" by age 2 each year from kids born in 2000 through 2009 remained steady around 100 (low functioning obvious as a train wreck kids). The number of kids who "qualified for ASD services" by ages 4, 5 and 6 continued to rise dramatically until the birth year of 2004, where there is a small but noticable DROP in the numbers. In fact, in ALL of the kids born who were born after 2004, the numbers of kids who "qualified for ASD services” is remaining steady - still high but not increasing as compared to birth years 90 thru 2003.
What this all means is up to speculation, but from what I see, the birth years 97 thru 03 will remain the highest for years to come.
I believe that the CDC and State Health Departments have know this for some time and now that they see the drops they need to change the DSM to hide this fact.
I really want to caution people about assuming that "because the numbers have continuously escalated, children born in 2012 are likely at much higher risk."
It is important for all of us to remember that kids are being diagnosed at all ages - the MN data show that the of the approximately 12,300 kids who "qualified for ASD services" AFTER 2003 (removal/reduction of mercury) 7600 (60%) were born between 1986 and 2003 and only 4700 (40%)were born after 2003. The older kids were diagnosed later and could be a way of identifying them as higher functioning PDD-NOS or Aspergers kids.
Posted by: Tim Kasemodel | April 18, 2012 at 02:06 PM
The really BIG NUMBER is
...that Autism is now nearly 100 TIMES more common than POLIO
...and the CDC has had nearly 17 YEARS to figure it out and is not doing too well with the issue..
Posted by: cmo | April 18, 2012 at 01:26 PM
GH,
Except that the Prevnar vax was started in 2003, the hepatitis A vax became mandatory in some places recently, and the flu vaccine became recommended or mandated yearly about five years ago. I don't think they got very far with their attempt to make the meningococcal vax mandatory for babies. Rock City, a suburb of St. Louis, said that the rates of autism in the public schools had doubled in the last five years. The principal of my (autistic from vax) daughter's school up to last year said that three years ago there were four autistic children out of 700 at the school, but last year it had gone up to eight total. Maybe the rate of autism and autoimmune disease will level out now, at what? one in thirty? until they add a new shot to the schedule.
Posted by: cia parker | April 18, 2012 at 01:25 PM
Just mentioned this article to my husband and then proceeded to tell him how incredibly educated I feel since we've been through this. I mentioned how when people/family ask me basic questions...it would take an eternity to explain to them...to break all the overeducation we've gotten as parents of autistic children in search of answers.
He replied that they wouldn't understand but nor do they care.
I was so hurt by his comment only to realize it's true. Kind of like the "How are ya?" question that many folks hope you don't end up answering with more than a "fine!".
Ugh. It angers me. My son's condition does not deserve shallow answers. But no one really cares about the truth in discoveries. At least not that much.
Posted by: antoinette f. | April 17, 2012 at 10:29 PM
To Mary
Where can I find more info about the vit K shot? Also, do you know anything about the drops for newborns? I have been worrying about those vit K shots , since my daughter is expecting soon. I remember quite vividly that my 2nd daughter became jsundiced while in the hospital. As she was born by C section, I know that the drugs for the spinal block I had could have been responsible or a combo of the drugs and vit K. I am looking for more info. I have read that the dose of Vit K is way too large for a newborn to handle and that it is a synthetic Vitamin which is not easily metabolized by the body. Why can't the medical profession use common sense? Every intervention they make has the potential to harm. You have to stay on your toes constantly.
Posted by: CT teacher | April 17, 2012 at 09:06 PM
Mary,
I cannot believe that these medical professionals are arguing with you, just after you have given birth!
Talk about pressuring you when your most vulnerable. Knowing what I know now, I wish I did the same!
On another note, we always say "everything comes in 3's"
(1) Professor Walker-Smith was exonerated
(2) Australian Vaccination Network won their court case http://avn.org.au/
(3) It is Dr Andrew Wakefield's turn!
Elizabeth Gillespie
Posted by: AussieMum | April 17, 2012 at 09:05 PM
There may be fewer toddlers with autism because the new parents (last five years or so) seem to be catching on. Vaccination rates for newborns are *way* down, but don't expect to hear that from anyone, except the enlightened souls online. (The old media is useless.)
Evidence: a poll at TodayMoms (last November, I think, not sure) with more than 40% of parents saying they don't vaccinate their baby (at all). The FB group: Proud Parents of Unvaccinated Children: closing in on 11,000 "likes." Also, a tiny little group called "Informed Parents of Vaccinated Children" with an even smaller handful who bother to comment.
And the tone of the discussion is changing: suddenly, in many places, the vax pushers are on the defensive. Not everywhere, and we are certainly not (yet) the majority, but those of us who were hurt--or worse yet, HAD A CHILD HURT--by vaccines, we have learned vaccines inside and out and there's no stopping knowledge like that.
Posted by: Terri Lewis | April 17, 2012 at 08:38 PM
Regarding vaccines: they are connected to the other pollutants we are being saturated with.
Vaccines are a fraud being perpetrated on ALL of us in the general population. It has to do with a population reduction agenda.
Vaccines contain adjuvant to deplete liver copper, and pathogens -- tissue/organ destroying bacteria & cancer viruses that have an affinity for iron. (Note: When the body is invaded by pathogens/viruses, copper is mobilized from the liver in order to neutralize/destroy them.) Bacteria and viruses transition from the dormant state (time of injection) to the active state of thriving and replicating as iron stores increase and copper status depletes.
The measles vaccine pathogen has been found in diseased colons of patients -- iron is taken into the body via ingestion and the gastrointestinal tract, and thus is a location for a
greater proportion of iron accumulation. The MMR Measles vaccine in addition to other vaccines was initially forced on the population beginning with the baby boomers, those born
between 1946 and 1964.
Radiation destroys the body through electrical oscillations that shake or vibrate cells and organisms – that is breaking up proteins into nonviable fragments, resulting in a
significantly increased copper requirement. (Optimal levels of copper are vital for normal healthy protein synthesis -- for building and repairing proteins.) This in turn
expedites the accumulation of iron which accelerates the growth of bacteria and cancers, and cell destruction.
GMO Foods were created to increase the iron content while decreasing copper availability.
I encourage you to go read this web site, as it explains about vaccines, radiation, and iron poisoning & copper deficiency. (If the site does not come up, please contact me
and I will send you the web page.)
http://www.themessageofhiskingdom.com/PoisoningOfMankindCopperDeficiency.htm
CAB
Researcher
Posted by: C.A. Bouthillier | April 17, 2012 at 07:00 PM
Thanks to Dr Wakefield moral integrity to the fore as always..
Angus
Posted by: Angus | April 17, 2012 at 05:44 PM
When my third child was born I knew we would not vaccinate because of the vaccine injury to his older brother. While in recovery from a C-section delivery, the attending pediatrician was appalled that I would not allow Vitamin K for my newborn son (because of the aluminum it contained). She explained the harm if Vitamin K was not administered in 6 hours time frame, to which I asked if she and I had Vitamin K at our births (we didn't). Then she tried the benefits outweigh the risks argument, to which I replied that she had no idea of my family's risks. And then she said that there was no aluminum in Vitamin K and the hospital pharmacist agreed with her. I told her they were wrong but please send the package insert to my room.
Of course it read that not only did Vitamin K contain aluminum but that it could be at toxic levels and cautioned the use of Vitamin K in newborns with kidney dysfunction. My newborn son had kidney dysfunction. The pediatrician still persisted in spite of the warning and said she was going to write up an affidavit against my decision. To which I replied that I would write up an affidavit and include the manufacturers warning. I asked to have it typed and put in medical files. The hospital agreed.
So you see, my experience in dealing with medical bullies had prepared me well. I was not going to let them do it again to another one of my kids.
Posted by: Mary | April 17, 2012 at 04:26 PM
Looking at the time line that was so generously given to me
http://interactivetimeline.com/653/causation-timeline/?w=320
It says that mumps part of the MMR was increased some time back in the 90s, and just a a couple of years ago they decreased it again (very quitely).
Will we be willing to accept that numbers going down with satisfication?
Back down to 1 in 110?
And what of those that were harmed
Due to the increased amounts of aluminium in vaccines in the 1970s so vaccines would be make cheaper?
And this mercury being a perservative -- Oh please - that was really just another adjuvant to help the aluminium call attention to the little bit of antigen.
I want to see some serious punishment!
Yes, I want it to stop, not just dwindle back down to 1 out of 110,---- but is it some kind of character flaw of mine that I want trials, conviction, fines, jail time,financial ruin, headlines in newspapers with these guys pictures on the front, and people throwing cream pies and eggs at the prisons in which they are held.
Posted by: Benedetta | April 17, 2012 at 03:46 PM
Thank you to Dr. Wakefield, as always, and thank you Richard Moor for your reporting.
I also think 1 in 88 is an undercount, particularly for children born circa 1994 to 2001, but also hope and seem to see less injury lately.
Through my church, I worked with a group of about 50 children born in the 1990s. Three children, including my daughter, with unmissable severe learning disabilities, though somewhat high functioning, but all three unlikely to obtain independence. What are the odds of having two children on the spectrum in the same age-based Sunday School class? There were 5 other children in the same group with diagnosed learning disabilities, but I only became aware of these through friendships with the parents. We also had one child in the group develop diabetes as a young teen, and since I also know three young adults born in the early 90s or late 80s who've developed diabetes, will there be much more to come? Of those I know who mainly had their children in the 90s, I'm not able to think of one family that does not have an immune injury or learning disability in at least one their children.
Lately I'm less involved with the younger children in our group, but I've seen only one child diagnosed with an ASD move in and out of the area born around 2001 and know of only one three-year-old they have concerns about, but they are still kind of saying "wait and see" with this girl. My feeling is these two may not have been watched or diagnosed under the conditions of the 90s as they both are light-years ahead of where my daughter was at their age, though I pray they will keep the boosters away from these two. What I particularly do not see, from more of a distance, is nearly the same general level of attention problems, inability to sit still or focus, general learning difficulties in children born this last decade. I do still hear a lot about allergies and know moms using restricted diets to help their preschoolers. Am I now less "aware" than I was or is this what the maternal flu shot, purported "Hg light," Al-all-the-way, still using MMR+V schedule now looks like?
Posted by: Jeannette Bishop | April 17, 2012 at 03:34 PM
I thought I was seeing fewer,as well, not in toddlers, but in kids with birth year 2005. Maybe just a fluke or maybe something connected to the H1N1 scare for those younger? A big rush to vaccinate moms and infants perhaps ended a short lived thimerosal related drop. I'm seeing many among threes and fours. My son age four is completely unvaccinated and does not act at all in a way to be considered normal today, he's way better than that! I'm a slow learner, it took five to get the message, and to the others I am very sorry.
Posted by: barbaraj | April 17, 2012 at 02:15 PM
I just don't see autistic toddlers in Southern Ca anymore. It may be that I am not as sensitive to the signs anymore (my daughter on the spectrum is now 22) - or it may be that the numbers have dropped dramatically and we won't be told that for about ten years. When to San Diego Zoo Sunday and it was mobbed. No toe walking, No hand flapping. No out of control screaming No eight year olds acting like they are two year olds.
Posted by: Mfischer | April 17, 2012 at 01:00 PM
The most severe won't be at the "birthday" party, yet as Nancy suggests, it's rare in a small group of children not to have one or two that have been vaccine damaged. On my "it's a shame list" is "money misdirected"..how wonderful if Autism Speaks would pay for Wakefield's defense and get these necessary studies underway! We need fearless scientists to work for our children ,however, as long as we see the taking down of good men by pharmaceuticals we will have no one up for the task. Worse on the "horror" side is those that we expect to help sleepin' with pharma. Two thoughts on fat mommy..perhaps prediabetes ,or diabetes called for an early delivery, giving a lighter weight baby to receive his vaccines? Flip side, we know, that fat cells harbor toxins, so losing weight as an rx by some ill informed doc could cause these toxins to be released into circulation, this would be the case for heavy women that have been advised not to gain more weight as well as for those advised to lose weight. I would gut guess, losing weight in any sized woman would contribute to more circulating toxins.
Posted by: barbaraj | April 17, 2012 at 12:58 PM
Superb programme and very easy to access:-
http://www.rmmoore1.com/
Posted by: Jenny Allan | April 17, 2012 at 12:02 PM
The numbers of autistic children will soon decline, because DSM-V will reduce it to 1/3 or less. Hence nothing to worry, dear parents. The pharma-CDC-FDA cartels will resolve the autism problem. (sarcastic).
Posted by: veritas | April 17, 2012 at 11:08 AM
When I saw the 1:88 statistic I thought "Is that all?" Maybe it's just the fact that it's measuring 12 year olds, but I was surprised it wasn't at least 1:50 Wherever I go with my daughter there seems to be at least one other person with autism in groups of 20-50 people.
Posted by: Nancy | April 17, 2012 at 10:43 AM
GH, well it's been more or less static except for the addition of Gardasil and flu shots (some of which would contain thim, so that muddies the waters) - more common somewhere around 2008. I suspect we will see alot more instances of "conversion disorder" or tics. I hope there is some kind of surveillance happening for overall incidence of neurological problems in teens pre-Gardasil and post years.
Posted by: jen | April 17, 2012 at 10:37 AM
The vaccine schedule has been pretty much static since 2000 so hopefully the rate has levelled off, there may have even been a fall along with the reduction of mercury levels.
Posted by: GH | April 17, 2012 at 09:38 AM
My wife and I now argue whether it was her fat ass or my old sperm that caused our daughters autism. Funny how the "latest" study regarding the cause of autism focuses on obese women while totally ignoring the hugely obese elephant still sitting in the corner of the room. When I think of all the money wasted on this crap research it makes me really, really pissed off.
Posted by: Mike | April 17, 2012 at 08:21 AM
Oh I do like this man! Ask your doctor for the science on which he bases his opinion that vaccines are safe. And then very carefuly note their replies! It will make a wonderful book! Start today you mums! I want to hear this.
Posted by: Patricia | April 17, 2012 at 07:00 AM